On March
10, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell sent the first clear telephone
message--all the way to the next room. "Mr. Watson, come here,
I want you" was the sentence that launched voice telecommunications.
What do
we know of Watson? Thomas Augustus Watson was born in Salem,
MA in 1854. At age 14, while working in an electrical shop,
he met Bell. In 1877, when the Bell Telephone Company was formed,
he received a share in the business and became its head of research
and technical development.
After leaving
Bell in 1881, Watson started a new business constructing engines
and ships, receiving a government contract in 1896 for two destroyers.
During the eight years that followed, until his retirement in
1904, Watson's shipyard at Quincy, Mass., built lightships,
cruisers, battleships, schooners, and other vessels. Watson
died in 1934.
As for Bell,
he was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1847. His family had long
been recognized as leading authorities in elocution and speech
correction. Bell and his two brothers were trained to continue
the family profession.
In 1871,
Bell spent several weeks in Boston, lecturing and demonstrating
the system of his father's Visible Speech, published in 1866,
as a means of teaching speech to the deaf. Each phonetic symbol
indicated a definite position of the organs of speech such as
lips, tongue, and soft palate and could be used by the deaf
to imitate the sounds of speech in the usual way.
On March
7, 1876, the United States Patent Office granted Bell Patent
Number 174,465 covering "The method of, and apparatus for, transmitting
vocal or other sounds telegraphically . . . by causing electrical
undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying
the said vocal or other sounds."
Hundreds
of lawsuits followed the commercial introduction of the telephone.
Indeed, Bell's phone patents were the subject of the most involved
patent litigation in history. The two most celebrated of the
early actions were the Dowd and Drawbaugh cases wherein the
fledgling Bell Telephone Company successfully challenged two
subsidiaries of the giant Western Union Telegraph Company for
patent infringement.
The outcome
of all the litigation, which persisted throughout the life of
his patents, was that Bell's claims were upheld as the first
to conceive and apply the undulatory current.
A true Renaissance
man, Bell's achievements did not end with the telephone. In
1898 he succeeded his father-in-law as president of the National
Geographic Society.
As interest
in the possibility of flight increased after the turn of the
century, he experimented with giant man-carrying kites. At Beinn
Bhreagh, his Nova Scotia retreat, Bell entered new subjects
of investigation, such as sonar detection, solar distillation,
the tetrahedron as a structural unit, and hydrofoil craft, one
of which weighed more than 10,000 pounds and attained a speed
record of 70 miles per hour in 1919.
He was constantly
working on a variety of projects. Until a few days before his
death in 1922, Bell continued to make entries in his journal.
During his last dictation he was reassured with "Don't hurry,"
to which he replied, "I have to."
These days,
when athletes and entertainers become famous, and are paid millions
for dubious accomplishments, when even a US president can't
seem to stay out of trouble, we should be thankful for the high
achievers of the past, who are still role models for our kids.