OK. You
had the big feast last week. What was it REALLY like for those
Plymouth Pilgrims?
We turn
back the clock now, just a bit, to hear from Edward Winslow,
who would become the third governor of Plymouth Colony. His
writing is one of only two surviving eyewitness accounts of
the harvest festival of 1621--the first Thanksgiving:
"Our harvest
being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, so that
we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had
gathered the fruit of our labors. They four in one day killed
as much fowl as, with a little help beside, served the company
almost a week. At which time, amongst other recreations, we
exercised our arms, many of the Indians coming amongst us, and
among the rest their greatest king Massasoit, with some ninety
men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted, and they
went out and killed five deer, which they brought to the plantation
and bestowed on our governor, and upon the captain and others."
This harvest
festival wasn't even called Thanksgiving. That term was used
in 1623, when badly needed rain saved the colony's crops.
The 1621
harvest festival probably took place sometime between September
21st and November 9th. The previous winter had been brutal.
102 settlers came over on the Mayflower. By spring, only 29
adults and 23 children were left.
The colony's
adult women--all four of them--were in charge of the cooking.
Remember the names: Elizabeth Hopkins, Elinor Billington, Mary
Brewster and Susanna Winslow.
The people
ate with knives, a few spoons, but no forks. We hear about three-foot-square
napkins, brandy, beer, and few vegetables.
Peggy Baker,
director-librarian of the Pilgrim Society and Pilgrim Hall Museum
in Plymouth, debunks a few myths about the pilgrims:
For starters,
pilgrims didn't wear black. Those mournful, somber costumes
kids wear in school plays were too rich for their blood. "Black
fabric was extremely expensive--only the wealthy wore it," Baker
says. Walking off the Mayflower on Dec. 21, 1620, the pilgrims
put on quite a colorful show--trousers, shirts and dresses in
maroons, greens and blues. For men, bright red and purple vests
were quite the rage. Nor did they wear buckles on their hats.
The pilgrims
were by no means the first Europeans to land in the Plymouth
vicinity. In fact, by 1621, many of the Indians spoke English,
after meeting earlier explorers.
The pilgrims
didn't meet Indians when they pulled into Plymouth Rock as paintings
portray. "Never happened," Baker says. "They met their first
Native American, Samoset, three months after they arrived. He
walked into the settlement and said, 'Welcome, Englishmen.'
Plymouth
Rock is hardly the Rock of Gibraltar, at 5 feet long by 2 feet
tall. Today, the rock is one-third its original size, because
in 1776 some patriots split it in half, and dragged it to the
town's "liberty tree."
Later the
rock was again dragged a third of a mile to the front of Pilgrim
Hall Museum. The rock was hauled back to the wharf in 1880,
where it was cemented together (the crack is noticeable). In
1920, the wharf was torn down and a new portico was erected
around the rock.
So what
would the Pilgrims of 1621 think of our Thanksgiving? Their
meal was but a brief respite from a very hard life. Their daily
struggle defined self-reliance.
If the pilgrims
were known for rectitude, thrift, sobriety, and discipline,
we could be characterized as self-indulgent, careless, spendthrift,
and gluttonous--especially on Thanksgiving.
It would
serve us well to think back to those early settlers, and to
thank God for our many gifts.