Some
myths never die. Let's consider that of the "Noble Savage."
If
it started with Columbus trying to put forth the best face on
his expensive voyages, it didn't take long for all of Europe to
be abuzz with tales of a distant promised land, free from all
contemporary problems.
In
1580, Michel de Montaigne's essay On The Cannibals was
published, that contained the blueprint for all successive works
praising this Noble Savage.
In
1750, Jean-Jacques Rousseau won a prize with his essay Discourse
On The Origin Of Inequality in which the savage was lionized,
indeed redundantly so. No matter that the adulation poured over
this essay was condemned at the time as "One of the strongest
proofs ever provided of human stupidity." And, no matter that
essentially all of its content had been stolen from Montaigne's
piece.
Fast
forward to the late 1970's. Who living during that era doesn't
remember the famous "environmental" public service ad that ended
with Amerindian Iron Eyes Cody shedding a tear in reaction to
America's despoiling of its environment. The message, of course,
was that native Americans had a deep appreciation for the environment,
and we naughty "Euro-Americans" came in and destroyed it.
Sorry
to burst another bubble, but this version of history has been
overwhelmingly rejected, thanks to the scholarship of Robert Whelan,
Alston Chase, Roger Schultz, and many others.
True,
the Indians were dependent on their environment, as many tribes
lived a subsistence, nomadic lifestyle. But, that's where reality
ends, and myth takes over.
What
could be worse to a modern eco-freak than a deliberately set forest
fire? One must conclude that our present-day greens would have
had cataleptic fits, watching the Indians burn down forests. After
all, to hunter-gatherers, trees had no particular value. They
made hunting more difficult, and mammals such as bison, moose,
elk, and deer, all highly prized in their culture, are most easily
found in areas of recently burnt forests. Thus, they burned the
forests again and again.
How
about burning forests just for ENTERTAINMENT? Lewis and Clark
recorded that Indians in the Rocky Mountains would set trees alight
"as after-dinner entertainment; the huge trees would explode like
Roman candles in the night."
Another
plank in the noble eco-savage platform is the notion that in harmony
with the ecosystem, they only kill for their immediate needs,
and never could threaten any species with extinction. As the recent
Hertz commercial stated, "not exactly."
Indians
practiced the "jump" technique whereby entire herds of buffalo
would stampede over a cliff, being killed by the fall. This method
was surely effective--so effective that large amounts of meat
was left to rot, and herds were decimated to at least local extinction.
Sadly,
the extinction was not always "local." Until about 10,000 years
ago, so-called mega-fauna flourished in North America. This group
included such exotics as the woolly mammoth, saber-toothed tiger,
giant sloth, giant beaver, camel, horse, and dire wolf. These
were important and dominant species for millions of years, and
then they suddenly disappeared.
No
theories of climate change, or survival of the fittest would adequately
explain this, especially since these species were all mammals--normally
quite resilient. Try as you might, you can find no better explanation
than this one: The Indians hunted them to extinction.
You
can find the remains of many of Hawaii's extinct birds in feather
capes, some of which used feathers from 80,000 birds. Certain
women of the Crow tribe wore dresses that required the death of
350 elk to provide 700 (very specific) teeth each.
In
our over-eagerness to impose a naive good guy/bad guy dichotomy
on virtually every issue, the consequences are profound: Misinformation,
self-hatred, and glorification of pagan ideals. But wait, isn't
that what current politics is all about?